Graph Paper Art (Graph Art S.)

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Spectral layout methods use as coordinates the eigenvectors of a matrix such as the Laplacian derived from the adjacency matrix of the graph. [15] Misue, K.; Eades, P.; Lai, W.; Sugiyama, K. (1995), "Layout Adjustment and the Mental Map", Journal of Visual Languages & Computing, 6 (2): 183–210, doi: 10.1006/jvlc.1995.1010 . The area of a drawing is the size of its smallest bounding box, relative to the closest distance between any two vertices. Drawings with smaller area are generally preferable to those with larger area, because they allow the features of the drawing to be shown at greater size and therefore more legibly. The aspect ratio of the bounding box may also be important.

A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertices and edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph. [2] In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges. In the concrete, however, the arrangement of these vertices and edges within a drawing affects its understandability, usability, fabrication cost, and aesthetics. [3] The problem gets worse if the graph changes over time by adding and deleting edges (dynamic graph drawing) and the goal is to preserve the user's mental map. [4] Graphical conventions [ edit ] Directed graph with arrowheads showing edge directions Tree layout algorithms these show a rooted tree-like formation, suitable for trees. Often, in a technique called "balloon layout", the children of each node in the tree are drawn on a circle surrounding the node, with the radii of these circles diminishing at lower levels in the tree so that these circles do not overlap. [17]

Published in Grandjean, Martin (2014). "La connaissance est un réseau". Les Cahiers du Numérique. 10 (3): 37–54. doi: 10.3166/lcn.10.3.37-54. Archived from the original on 2015-06-27 . Retrieved 2014-10-15.

Holten, Danny; Isenberg, Petra; van Wijk, Jarke J.; Fekete, Jean-Daniel (2011), "An extended evaluation of the readability of tapered, animated, and textured directed-edge representations in node-link graphs", IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis 2011) (PDF), pp.195–202, doi: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2011.5742390, ISBN 978-1-61284-935-5, S2CID 16526781, archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-11 , retrieved 2011-09-29 . Holten, Danny; van Wijk, Jarke J. (2009), "A user study on visualizing directed edges in graphs", Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '09) (PDF), pp.2299–2308, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.212.5461, doi: 10.1145/1518701.1519054, ISBN 9781605582467, S2CID 9725345, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-11-06 . Di Battista et al. (1994), pp. 15–16, and Chapter 6, "Flow and Upward Planarity", pp. 171–214; Freese (2004). Sociograms, drawings of a social network, as often offered by social network analysis software [22]Saaty, Thomas L. (1964), "The minimum number of intersections in complete graphs", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 52 (3): 688–690, Bibcode: 1964PNAS...52..688S, doi: 10.1073/pnas.52.3.688, PMC 300329, PMID 16591215 .

In addition, the placement and routing steps of electronic design automation (EDA) are similar in many ways to graph drawing, as is the problem of greedy embedding in distributed computing, and the graph drawing literature includes several results borrowed from the EDA literature. However, these problems also differ in several important ways: for instance, in EDA, area minimization and signal length are more important than aesthetics, and the routing problem in EDA may have more than two terminals per net while the analogous problem in graph drawing generally only involves pairs of vertices for each edge.Di Battista et al. (1994), Section 2.7, "The Force-Directed Approach", pp. 29–30, and Chapter 10, "Force-Directed Methods", pp. 303–326. Nachmanson, Lev; Robertson, George; Lee, Bongshin (2008), "Drawing Graphs with GLEE" (PDF), in Hong, Seok-Hee; Nishizeki, Takao; Quan, Wu (eds.), Graph Drawing, 15th International Symposium, GD 2007, Sydney, Australia, September 24–26, 2007, Revised Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.4875, Springer-Verlag, pp.389–394, doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-77537-9_38, ISBN 978-3-540-77536-2 [ permanent dead link].