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The longus colli, also called the longus cervicis, is a long muscle that spans the entire length of the cervical spine and the upper vertebrae of the thoracic spine. It is divided into three parts: When the body drifts off into sleep, it undergoes physiological changes related to body temperature, breathing rate and muscular tone. Hypnic jerks may be the result of muscle changes. Another theory suggests that the transition from the waking to the sleeping state signals the body to relax. But the brain may interpret the relaxation as a sign of falling and then signal the arms and legs to wake up. Electroencephalogram studies have shown sleep starts affect almost 10 percent of the population regularly, 80 percent occasionally, and another 10 percent rarely. Sinnatamby, C. S., & Last, R. J. (2011). Last's anatomy: Regional and applied. (12th edition). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. The term infrahyoid refers to the region below the hyoid bone, while the term strap muscles refers to the long and flat muscle shapes which resembles a strap. The stylopharyngeus muscle is considered by many to be one of the strap muscles, [ citation needed] but is not an infrahyoid muscle.
The posterior scalene is the smallest and most posterior of the scalene muscles that arises from the posterior tubercles of transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C4-C6. It then extends posterolaterally and inserts into the external surface of the second rib. Skeletal muscle is found in many sizes and various shapes. The small muscles of the eye may contain only a few hundred myocytes/muscle fibers, while the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh may contain hundreds of thousands of myocytes. When the vertebral column is fixed, the muscle produces elevation of the 1st rib, which combined with the action of the external intercostals expands the antero-posterior diameter of the thoracic cage. This action is important during forced respiration. Speak to a pharmacist about the best treatment for you. They might suggest tablets, or a cream or gel you rub on the skin. For the first couple of days, follow the 4 steps known as RICE therapy to help bring down swelling and support the injury:The ascending part is composed of the inferior fibers of trapezius, that originate from the supraspinous ligaments and spinous processes of the vertebrae T4-T12. These fibers pass upwards and laterally to insert onto the lateral apex of the medial end of the scapular spine. Cesmebasi, Alper (1 January 2015), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 31 - Anatomy of the Cervical Plexus and Its Branches", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp.441–449, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00032-9, ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0
Obliquus capitis superior, that arises from the transverse process of atlas and inserts on the occipital bone, between the superior and inferior nuchal lines. Moore, K. L., Dalley, A. F., & Agur, A. M. R. (2014). Clinically Oriented Anatomy (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (CN XI) and anterior rami of spinal nerves C2 and C3. Vascular supply to this muscle is derived from branches of the occipital, posterior auricular, superior thyroid and suprascapular artery. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. Kenhub does not provide medical advice. You can learn more about our content creation and review standards by reading our content quality guidelines.
MuscleStrap – Rapture, Austin Lynn – Rapture and Austin Strap-On The Slave (Parts 1 and 2)
The nerve supply to the omohyoid is provided by the ansa cervicalis. Its blood supply stems from the superior thyroid branch of the external carotid artery, and inferior thyroid branch of the thyrocervical trunk.
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