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Bowditch, Nathaniel (2002). The American Practical Navigator. Bethesda, MD: National Imagery and Mapping Agency. ISBN 978-0-939837-54-0. Archived from the original on 2007-06-24. After World War II ships with diesel engines became commonplace. Passenger airliners replaced passenger ships for long trips in the late 20th century. Cargo ships became much bigger. The main kinds are container ships for mostly manufactured goods, and bulk carriers including oil tankers.

Many ships do not make it to the scrapyard, and are lost in fires, collisions, grounding, or sinking at sea. The Allies lost some 5,150 ships during World War II. [81] Measuring ships [ edit ] Ferries –Vessels used for transiting passengers (and vehicles) on short-distance routes are called ferries.

Improving quality through simulation, a quality improvement based framework to guide simulation interventions following key events in healthcare.

We want to focus on sustainability to help support quality in simulation activity that enhances patient and team safety. This means we need to think about how we undertake service and learning needs analyses, how we plan our training and how invest in our resources including staff, patients and colleagues, networking and educational equipment and software. And how we build our knowledge base, through the use of simulation as a research tool. Since the freshwater lakes are less corrosive to ships than the salt water of the oceans, lakers tend to last much longer than ocean freighters. Lakers older than 50years are not unusual, and as of 2005, all were over 20years of age. [58] Some vessels that sustain major damage at sea may be repaired at a facility equipped for major repairs, such as a shipyard. Ships may also be converted for a new purpose: oil tankers are often converted into floating production storage and offloading units.While not all ships have these, the majority do to aid with cargo operation and repositioning of cargo as necessary. In addition, they are utilized to load and unload pipes, equipment, and machinery from ships. If the engine room is the ship’s heart, then the bridge is its ‘brains.’ It is a large platform atop the living quarters from which the ship is commanded. They are frequently aided by an additional short passage called a bridge wing, which provides a broader and better perspective of the outside environment for ship maneuvering. The precise (and pedantic) definition of a ship is a vessel with no fewer than three masts, all of which carry square-rigged sails. All other vessels are separately defined. Most of the vessels we would nowadays designate as "ships" are correctly "Motor Vessels". Inland vessels [ edit ] Passenger ship of Köln-Düsseldorfer on the river Rhine Hurma, Hans and Voima at the Lake Saimaa in the harbour of Imatra, Finland, at a heritage ship meeting in 2009

Aside from the health of the yard workers, in recent years, ship breaking has also become an issue of major environmental concern. Many developing nations, in which ship breaking yards are located, have lax or no environmental law, enabling large quantities of highly toxic materials to escape into the environment and causing serious health problems among ship breakers, the local population and wildlife. Environmental campaign groups such as Greenpeace have made the issue a high priority for their campaigns. [91] See also [ edit ] Because ships are constructed using the principles of naval architecture that require same structural components, their classification is based on their function such as that suggested by Paulet and Presles, [56] which requires modification of the components. The categories accepted in general by naval architects are: [57]Chatterton, Edward Keble (1915). Sailing Ships and Their Story: The Story of Their Development from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company. a b Doran, Edwin Jr. (1974). "Outrigger Ages". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 83 (2): 130–140.

Horridge, Adrian (2006). Bellwood, Peter (ed.). The Austronesians: historical and comparative perspectives. Canberra, ACT. ISBN 978-0731521326. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)Frequently asked questions about the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill". State of Alaska. Archived from the original on 2006-09-25. Casson, Lionel (1995). Ships and seamanship in the ancient world. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-5130-0.