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In the case of the Rio Tinto/QMM mine in Madagascar (EDC11), operations resulted in large-scale ecological degradation due to the destruction of almost 6000ha of dense forests, with a small section being “conserved” for the purpose of “ecotourism” but with restricted access to local communities. Destruction of coastal ecosystems also resulted in loss of livelihoods due to significant declines in local fish populations (Huff & Orengo, 2020; Seagle, 2012). In Yogyakarta, Indonesia (Yanuardy, 2012), the mining project replaced ecologically sustainable agricultural practices which preserved the coastal topsoil and the dune ecosystem, and is resulting in pollution, coastal degradation, increasing salt-water intrusion, and erosion of coastal defense ecosystems (Yanuardy, 2012, p.19) (EDC7). In the South Taranaki Bight operations in New Zealand, sediment plumes on the seabed environment have had severe effects on phytoplankton and benthic primary productivity due to reduced light availability in the sea. This also leads to possible reduction of fish population and possible impacts on Blue Whales and Maui's dolphins (EDC13). In Nagonha village, Mozambique, (EDC12), the locals hold the local HMS operations responsible for the severe effects of flash floods in 2015.
Sand wedges are primarily used for getting out of bunkers, but they can also be used on the fairway or from the rough. Sand wedges typically have the widest soles that allow the club to cut through fluffier terrains that clubs with much narrower soles might catch. How far should I hit my sand wedge? Over the last few decades, the field of industrial ecology (IE) has made great strides in quantitative assessments and technical analysis of industrial systems, for example, on improving technical efficiencies of production systems, closing material loops, and quantitative empirics of resource inputs and outputs in industrial systems. However, since its inception as a field of study, there have been discussions on the scope and contribution of IE beyond quantitative methodologies and analysis (Ehrenfeld, 1997; O'Rourke etal., 1996; Wells & Zapata, 2012).Magnetite, the main component of Iron Sand, is about 2 times denser than silica, which is the main component of sand, while gold is about 3.7 times denser than magnetite. The iron sand is put in a tatara, a clay tub furnace. The clay tub measures about 4 feet (1.2m) tall, 12 feet (3.7m) long and 4 feet (1.2m) wide. The tub is dried and heated to about 1,000 ° C (1800 ° F). Then, it is mixed with charcoal to add carbon to the steel so it can be hardened. Iron sand occurs naturally in several regions throughout the world. New Zealand's North Island is one such area that's home to a substantial amount of iron sand. Additionally, it can be found on Java Island in Indonesia. The asymmetric power of national or multinational mining corporations, the State or regionally powerful mining companies, allows HSM extraction to lead to the displacement of local communities. This results in the dispossession from land and ecosystems, and sometimes involves compensation or allocation of different—often less productive lands. In Kerala, India, by 2019, close to 1497 families in Ponmana village had been displaced due to loss of livelihoods due to reduction of fish and crab populations. By 2020, an estimated 6000 families had vacated the region (EDC6). In the case of Kwale Base Resource operations in Kenya, the project initially required the displacement of 5000 indigenous Digo and Kamba people from their ancestral lands. In the planned expansion of the mining operations in 2023, further displacement and dispossession of local residents of the Magaoni community from their ancestral lands is expected to occur (EDC9). 5.3 Implications on cultural and aesthetic ecosystem values
One thing we really recommend doing if you're considering purchasing a new sand wedge is attending a testing session. As sand wedges come in a variety of lofts, grinds and bounce degrees, it is important to trial a few different models to help you determine which club provides the best results for your swing. Their namesake contains the kanji for "sun" ( 日 ( にち ) , nichi ?), "ring" ( 輪 ( りん ) , rin ?), which could translate to either "sun ring" or its most common meaning, "solar". In addition to the kanji for "sword/blade" ( 刀 ( とう ) , tō ?), the full translation to the Nichirin Sword is "solar blade". Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 3,647 articles in the main category, and specifying |topic= will aid in categorization. The Mizuno S23 wedges are intended to have an effective long lifespan with quad cut milled grooves (which are loft specific) cut into Boron infused 1025 mild carbon steel.What's more, these Micro Grooves are laser etched to release moisture and reduce spin drop off in wet conditions and we found that we still got plenty of grab when the face was clearly wet and when playing from wet bunkers. Hitachi Metals>Tale of tatara>The Tatara Iron Manufacturing Method". Archived from the original on 31 March 2015 . Retrieved 20 January 2015.Large-scale destruction of ecosystems, especially in regions inhabited by indigenous peoples, often have impacts that extend to non-monetarily commensurable cultural, traditional, or spiritual values (Martinez-Alier, 2002). Our analysis shows that such impacts in the case of HSM mining have been related to the loss of unique ecosystems such as coastal forests (EDC1), mangroves, wetlands, biodiversity rich coastal marine ecosystems (EDC6; EDC9), and dune systems (EDC19), especially when these regions are inhabited by and have cultural, religious, or traditional significance to local communities (e.g., EDC5, 15, 18). In the defense of such spaces, anti-mining resistance movements have sometimes utilized non-monetary languages of valuations to highlight and elaborate the extend of loss suffered when local ecosystems are destroyed (Seagle, 2012; Yanuardy, 2012). Of the 24 EDCs analyzed, the presence of serious implications on cultural and aesthetic ecosystem values as one main cause of contestations can be identified in at least 11 cases.
Banoub, D., Bridge, G., Bustos, B., Ertör, I., González-Hidalgo, M., & de los Reyes, J. A. ( 2020). Industrial dynamics on the commodity frontier: Managing time, space and form in mining, tree plantations and intensive aquaculture. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 4, 1533– 1559. Bisht, A. ( 2021). Conceptualizing sand extractivism: Deconstructing an emerging frontier of resource extractivism. Journal of Extractive Industries and Society, 8( 2), 100904. The HLX 5.0 wedges have been designed to offer tour-level performance by raising the center of gravity by five percent to allow for lower flighted wedge shots that, in-turn, give the user a little more control. They are forged from a soft carbon steel that helps to give players an unrivalled feel around the greens and more playability around the golf course. They also come in two grind options with the RJ Grind offering a high-bounce and versatile sole that allowed us to produce a variety of shots, from high lofted flops to low bump and runs. During our testing sessions, we also found the RJ Grind performed really well on firm turf as well, making it one of the best high bounce wedges in the game. It gave us some very spinny approaches, and that is partly thanks to the the very pronounced grooves which sit deep in the face of the club. Nichirin Swords take on a distinct color when first drawn by its owner, which is why they are also referred to as " Color Changing Katanas". [2] However, the holder is required to have a certain amount of skill, or the blade will not change color. [3]Hall, Jessica (8 June 2014). "Big Island: Kalapana and Kaimu Beaches; Destroyed by Lava". Hawaiicon. Archived from the original on 2017-05-03 . Retrieved 2016-11-07. This was always about a small grassroots group who didn’t want our beach polluted,” she said. “We wanted to continue to surf and eat, and this activity threatened that.” The iron sand can also clot up the joints of puppets, making them unusable in battle [2] as long as the user's magnetic field is in effect, even bypassing a Chakra Shield.
Having become a chūnin, Shinki and his team were instructed by Gaara to go watch the Chūnin Exams in Konoha, arriving during the second match of the finals. He took notice of Kawaki, and observed how bored he seemed. When Kawaki left the arena before the third match, between Sarada and Chōchō, Shinki followed him outside. He introduced himself to Kawaki, and told him should watch the match. Kawaki got angry over being told what to do and Shinki's insistence, and grabbed him by the collar. Shinki pulled him off with his Iron Sand, and stressed Kawaki should watch the next match before returning to the arena. Kawaki watched the match, and after Sarada's victory, Shinki asked him if the match was worth watching.New Zealand had limited deposits of iron ore, but the deposits of ironsand were massive. It had been used by some early settlers to manufacture steel and pig iron, but the material could not be smelted in common bloomeries or blast furnaces. [29] A few smelting companies formed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but were unable to process the ore with any economic success due to the sandy nature and high titanium content, which tended to form hard, brittle carbides in the steel. In 1939, a commission was formed to study the properties of the ore and devise a way of smelting it on an industrial scale. The commission determined that, by sintering the sand into bigger chunks or pellets, the problems of smelting the sand in a blast furnace could be eliminated. [30] However, at that time World War II began, and thus further development was suspended and did not resume until the late 1960s, producing the first output of steel in 1969. [31] After studying the sand manipulation abilities of Shukaku's jinchūriki, the Third Kazekage was able to imitate this ability using iron powder instead of sand, and his special magnetic powers. He often moulded the iron powder into weapons and used them as part of his main fighting style.
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